鱼晓事儿的?笔记食用指南?
橙色背景加粗加下划线的是文中要点。
蓝色字体加粗是笔记部分。
绿色加下划线的是例句。
标注有小星星?是重点。
红色字体灰色背景的是 固定结构/  熟词僻义/ 句型积累/ 一词多义等。。

文章标题是一个意译，直译应该是：如何“刻意练习”掌握新技巧。
我觉得这篇文章讲得还是很好的，在客观承认智力因素确实重要的情况下提了很多科学的建议。
有些我们可能已经知道，但未必能够践行。
文章很长，我原来想截取几段做精读，但是觉得文章本身很有意义就分两次看完吧。毕竟，内容万一对你有帮助呢？
ok我们今天先看第一部分。
Part one: 英文原文
①The amount of time you spend working on something does not equal the quality of the output. Jogging the same routes, for instance, clocking up similar times every weekend will never transform you into a world-class athlete no matter how long you keep at it. Some of us strive to excel, but for most the thought of committing to even more training is daunting.
②So what if self-improvement did not require such a huge investment of time? Are there special qualities that people who strive for the top possess that allow them to rise above the rest? BBC Capital asked a gold-medal winning Olympic coach, a record-holding football manager and a super learner.
③Sixty minutes spent doing ‘the right thing’ is better than any amount of time spent learning in an unfocussed way, according to professor Anders Ericsson of Florida State University. Identifying areas that need work then devising a purposeful plan to correct them is crucial. Ericsson calls this process ‘deliberate practice’.
④Ericsson has spent the best part of three decades analysing how elite performers from musicians to surgeons reach the very top of their field. Developing the right mindset, he says, is more important than raw talent. “There was always this discussion that in order to be good you had to be born with the attributes because it was difficult to produce high-level performers, which is wrong,” he says.
⑤Practitioners of deliberate practice often criticise the way we are taught at school. Music teachers, for example, start pupils off with the basic elements; the notes, the keys, how to read music. If you need to grade students against each other you need to compare them on simple, objective measures. Teaching like this makes grading easier, but it might also turn off beginners who cannot imagine reaching their end goal of playing the music they enjoy because they are doing tasks that have no meaning to them.
⑥“I think the right way to learn is the reverse,” says Max Deutsch, 26, who has taken rapid learning to the extreme. In 2016, San Francisco-based Deutsch set himself the target of learning 12 ambitious new skills to a very high standard, one each month. The first was memorising a deck of cards in two minutes without a mistake. Accomplishing this task is considered the threshold for a grandmaster of memory. The last was to teach himself how to play chess, from the beginning, and to beat grandmaster Magnus Carlsen in a game.
Part two: 双语精读
①The amount of time you spend working on something does not equal the quality of the output. Jogging the same routes, for instance, clocking up similar times every weekend will never transform you into a world-class athlete no matter how long you keep at it. Some of us strive to excel, but for most the thought of committing to even more training is daunting.
你花在某件事情上的时间并不等于产出的质量。比如说，每周在差不多的时间沿着同一条线路慢跑，无论坚持多久，你都不能成为世界级运动员。有些人为了出类拔萃拼尽全力，但大多数人一想到要全身心地投入训练就气馁了。
??The amount of time you spend working on something does not equal the quality of the output. 这句话的主语比较长是“The amount of time you spend working on something”这个部分，后面的谓语动词do根据主谓一致的原则“the amount of time"是单数，所以谓语动词也用单数形式，does。clock up 是“达到某一数量”的意思。这个词组不是很常见，我们再举一个例子: He has clocked up more than 25 years on the committee. 他担任委员会的委员已超过25年。a world-class athlete: 一个世界级的运动员 athlete 同义词：sportsmanexcel：V.  (在某方面) 擅长;脱颖而出。for most 这里的most 与本句前半部分的“some of us" （有些人）相对应，表示”大多数人”。??commit to：使 (自己) 致力于（某件不简单的）事情。 I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays.   我会建议人们认真考虑答应周日工作。daunting：adj. 使人畏惧的;令人胆怯的;让人气馁的 反义词 dauntless：无所畏惧的。
②So what if self-improvement did not require such a huge investment of time? Are there special qualities that people who strive for the top possess that allow them to rise above the rest? BBC Capital asked a gold-medal winning Olympic coach, a record-holding football manager and a super learner.
如果提升自我并不需要投入如此大量的时间，那是不是有捷径呢？那些力争上游的人是否拥有某些特殊品质，使他们能够超越其他人？BBC Capital采访了一位奥运冠军教练、一位创足球联赛纪录的经理人，还有一位超强学习者。
self-improvement：n. (在知识、地位、性格等方面的)自我改进，自我提高strive for the top possess: 力争上游。strive for v. 争取;奋发图强;收下。possess：控制；掌握；持有；迷住。此外有一个固定词组 possess oneself  自制，镇静rise above the rest：冠绝群雄；超越他人。record-holding：adj. 保持记录的。
Don't commit the same mistakes
不要重复犯错
③Sixty minutes spent doing ‘the right thing’ is better than any amount of time spent learning in an unfocussed way, according to professor Anders Ericsson of Florida State University. Identifying areas that need work then devising a purposeful plan to correct them is crucial. Ericsson calls this process ‘deliberate practice’.
佛罗里达州立大学（Florida State University）教授埃里克森（Anders Ericsson）表示，花一个小时做“正确的事情”比长时间心不在焉地学习要有效。确定需要工作的领域，然后制定有目的性的计划予以修正是至关重要的一点。埃里克森称这一过程为“刻意练习”。
??commit:V 做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等） This is a man who has committed murder.   这是个犯了谋杀罪的男人。【??注意和上文的“commit to”进行对比。learning in an unfocussed way：（学习时）心不在焉的。??identify：V.确定；发现。另外identify还有认出，识别〔某人或某物〕的意思 补充一个固定的动词短语：identify with sb/sth 认同某人/某物，与某人/某物有同感 He identified with our distress. 他体谅我们的痛苦。devise a purposeful plan: 制定有目的性的计划。devise：V.发明；设计；想出 devise a plan = draft a plan.deliberate practice: 刻意练习 deliberate: adj.故意的；刻意的；仔细考虑的。
④Ericsson has spent the best part of three decades analysing how elite performers from musicians to surgeons reach the very top of their field. Developing the right mindset, he says, is more important than raw talent. “There was always this discussion that in order to be good you had to be born with the attributes because it was difficult to produce high-level performers, which is wrong,” he says.
埃里克森花了30年時間分析从音乐家到外科医生等精英人士是如何达到所在领域的顶尖水平。他说，培养正确的心态比天赋更重要。他表示，“有一种说法一直不绝于耳，即你想成为人中龙凤，你必须具备与生俱来的天份，因为培养高精尖人才实在太难了。但这个说法是错的。”
the best part of：大部分...elite performers: 精英人士surgeon：n.  /?s??rd??n/  外科医生reach the very top of their field：达到他们所在领域的顶尖水平。right mindset: 正确的心态。raw talent：天赋，才能。熟词僻义 这里的raw并不是“粗糙的”的意思，而是“原始的、天生的”??attribute：n （人的）属性；性质；特征  Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher. 耐心是教师最重要的品质之一。 这个词的动词是“把…归因于；认为…是由于”的意思 ，相对来讲更常用，我们举个例子：She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck. 她认为她的成功来自勤劳和一点运气。
⑤Practitioners of deliberate practice often criticise the way we are taught at school. Music teachers, for example, start pupils off with the basic elements; the notes, the keys, how to read music. If you need to grade students against each other you need to compare them on simple, objective measures. Teaching like this makes grading easier, but it might also turn off beginners who cannot imagine reaching their end goal of playing the music they enjoy because they are doing tasks that have no meaning to them.
“刻意练习”的实践者经常批评学校的教学方式。例如，音乐教师总是从基本元素（音符，琴键）入手教学生如何读懂音乐。因为如果你需要给每个学生打分，你就需要用简单、客观的标准来进行比较。这样的教学方法使评分变得更容易，但也可能会让初学者失去兴趣。他们想象不到自己最终目的是演奏心仪的音乐，因为现在手头上的任务对他们来说毫无意义。
Practitioner：n./pr?k?t???n?/ 从事者，实践者 one of golf’s most experienced practitioners 最有经验的高尔夫球员之一start sb off sth: 使某人开始做某事；从...开始教某人。pupil：n./?pju?p?l/ 学生。the notes, the keys 这里的note指的是（音普上的）音符；key指的是“（钢琴的）琴键”grade ：V.将…分等级; 给…评分  Hampshire College does not grade the students' work. 汉普郡学院不对学生们的作业评分。??turn off beginners：使初学者失去兴趣 turn off 在这里是指 对…失去兴趣 What turns teenagers off science?  是什么使青少年们对科学失去了兴趣？
⑥“I think the right way to learn is the reverse,” says Max Deutsch, 26, who has taken rapid learning to the extreme. In 2016, San Francisco-based Deutsch set himself the target of learning 12 ambitious new skills to a very high standard, one each month. The first was memorising a deck of cards in two minutes without a mistake. Accomplishing this task is considered the threshold for a grandmaster of memory. The last was to teach himself how to play chess, from the beginning, and to beat grandmaster Magnus Carlsen in a game.
“我认为正确的学习方法应该是反其道而行之，”26岁的多伊奇（Max Deutsch）说，他把快速学习发挥到了极致。2016年，当时在旧金山的多伊奇给自己定了一个目标，雄心勃勃地要学习12项新技能，每个月学习一项，并且要达到高水平。第一项技能是能够在两分钟内毫无差错地记住一副牌。完成这项任务被可以被称为记忆大师了。最后一个是自学下棋，最终目标是比赛中战胜国际象棋大师卡尔森（Magnus Carlsen）。
reverse：n 反其道而行之；相反的。The wrong attitude will have exactly the reverse effect. 这种错误的态度会得到恰好相反的结果。take sth to the extreme:把...发挥到极致。set oneself the target of：给某人立下...的目标。a deck of cards：一副牌。deck  (纸牌) 付threshold: n. 阈；界；起始点  My earnings are just above the tax threshold (= more than the amount at which you start paying tax) . 我的收入刚刚超过征税起点。a grandmaster of memory一位记忆大师 grandmaster: 大师；最高段位的能手。in a game：在一场比赛中，game在这里不是游戏是比赛，也就是文章之前提到的“下棋”。
end
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福利~~
②经济学人中英版22篇word格式（new）
或许你也想试试自己做精读笔记但是不知道在哪里找材料？我给你啊。一共22篇，中英对照Word版。获取方式：在公众号后台（注意是后台不是这篇文章下面）
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