Urumqi is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，and the political，economic and cultural center as well. The city is located in a section of northern foot and south edge of Junggar Basin in Tianshan Mountain，being the city farthest from the ocean in the world，and the famous geographical center of Asia is here in a place of 30 kilometers in the south suburb of Urumqi.
乌鲁木齐是新疆维吾尔自治区首府，全疆政治、经济、文化中心。地处天山中段北麓、准噶尔盆地南缘，是世界上距海洋最远的城市，著名的亚洲地理中心就位于乌鲁木齐市南郊30公里处。Uriimqi is the pivot(中枢) of traffic connecting the south and north of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions，and it is the bridgehead（桥头堡） of the Second Chinese West Section of Asia-Europe Transcontinental Bridge too，and an important door opening to the outside world in the west of China. It is located in the hinterland（腹地） of Eurasia，and it is 680~920 meters above the sea level，belonging to half arid（干旱的） continental climate in the temperate zone with an annual average temperature of 7 .3℃. The spring and autumn are short and the winter and summer are long.乌鲁木齐市是新疆维吾尔自治区南北疆交通的枢纽，也是第二座欧亚大陆桥中国西段的桥头堡和中国西部对外开放的重要门户。它地处欧亚大陆腹地，海拔680~920米，属中温带半干旱大陆性气候，年平均温度7.3℃。春秋两季较短，冬夏两季较长。Urumqi has jurisdiction over 7 districts, 1 county and 2 nation-level development zones and 6 state-run land-reclaimation（改造，开垦） and cultivation groups. The total area of its administrative division is up to 11 400 sq. km. .乌鲁木齐市辖7个区，一个县，还有二个国家级开发区，6个国营农垦团场，全市行政区划面积达1. 14万平方公里。Urumqi is a city where a number of nationalities live in concentrated communities. The city has 1 400 000 permanent residents now, and ethnic minorities such as Uygur, Hui，Kazak, etc. account for 26. 77%.乌鲁木齐是一个多民族聚居的城市，全市现有常住人口140万，维吾尔、回、哈萨克等少数民族，与26.77%。
As far back as in the Neolithic Age，there were mankind living and multiplying here.  In the Warring States Period，Urumqi belonged to the scope of Old Cheshi people. At that time, there inhabited rather a lot people in the south suburb of urumqi. In Western Han Dynasty，there were a lot of people living in Urumqi and the surrounding areas too. By the Eastern Han Dynasty，Urumqi became a part of the six countries of Cheshi. In the 22nd year of Zhenguan(648AD)，the government of Tang Dynasty set up Luntai City 10 kilometers south of today's Urumqi，and it was the only city that collected taxes，administered and supplied the city on the new north way of Silk Road at that time as well as the first city in Urumqi.
远在新石器时代，人类就在这里生息繁衍。战国时期，乌鲁木齐属古车师人活动范围。当时的乌鲁木齐南郊已居住着较多的人群。西汉时期，乌鲁木齐及其周围地区居住着较多的人群。到了东汉，乌鲁木齐成为车师六国的一部分。贞观二十二年(648 )，唐朝政府在距今乌鲁木齐以南10公里处设置轮台城，是当时丝绸之路新北道上唯一的收税城、管理城和供给城，也是乌鲁木齐第一城。In the middle period of the 18th century，the urban embryonic（初期的） form of Urumqi began to take shape. In the 28th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty(1763)，Emperor Qianlong named the expanded city “Di Hua”. In the tenth year of Guangxu(1884)，Xinjiang set up the province，regarded Di Hua as the provincial capital，instead of the former place Yi li，and made it the political center of the areas around Tianshan Mountain.18世纪中叶，乌鲁木齐城市雏形开始形成。清乾隆二十八年(1763) ，乾隆皇帝将扩展后的城池命名为“迪化”。光绪十年(1884 )，新疆设置行省，以迪化为省会，取代伊犁成为臂控天山南北的政治中心。Urumqi is the strategic center that a military commander must fight for. As early as in Ming Dynasty，a castle was built by Erlute Mongols in Urumqi. In 1758，the military official of the Qing Government in Urumqi built an adobe(砖坯) castle to the east of Urumqi River as the formal camp of the officers and soldiers garrisoning there. In the next year，the Qing Government set up a prefecture in Urumqi to commander local military affairs. In 1773，the Qing Government set up a state here directly under the jurisdiction of the Qing Government managed by the imperial inspector of Gansu Province formally.  In 1884，Xinjiang Province and Xinjiang Military-political Administrative Center was moved from Yili to Di Hua and Di Hua State under the Jurisdiction of the Qing Government was renamed Di Hua Prefecture being the capital of Xinjiang Province. In 1913，Di Hua Prefecture was dismissed and Di Hua County remained. Di Hua Municipal Government was established in 1934 and on September 25，1949，Di Hua announced a peace revolt and the temporary People's Government of the Province of Xinjiang was set up on the same day. On October 20 1949，the Chinese People's Liberation Army garrisoned in and guarded the city of Di Hua from then on，the city has been back to the people. The provincial and municipal governments declared their establishment at the same time on December 7，1949.乌鲁木齐是兵家必争的战略要地。早在明朝时，厄鲁特蒙古族就在乌鲁木齐修筑了城堡。1758年，清政府驻乌鲁木齐的军事官员，在乌鲁木齐河以东地区修筑土城，作为驻地官兵的正式营堡。翌年，清朝政府设置乌鲁木齐提督，掌握地方军事。1773年，清政府正式设置迪化直隶州，由甘肃省巡抚直接管辖。1884年，新疆建省和新疆军政管理中心，由伊犁转到迪化，迪化直隶州改为迪化府，为新疆省会。1913年，撤迪化府，保留迪化县。1934年，成立迪化市政府。1949年9月25日，宣布和平起义，并于当天组成新疆省临时人民政府。10月20日，中国人民解放军进驻迪化。从此，迪化回到了人民的手中。1949年12月7日，省、市政府同时宣告成立。
The Airport of Urumqi is one of the five major airports of China，opening 69 international and domestic routes. The Railway Station of Urumqi is a general pivot of the railways of Xinjiang. Highways extend in all directions，and 3 national highways run across the urban area，linking with the whole region of Xinjiang，the whole country and the surrounding countries.乌鲁木齐机场为全国五大机场之一，现已开通国际国内航线69条。乌鲁木齐火车站是全疆铁路的总枢纽。公路四通八达，3条国道穿过市区，与全疆和全国及周边国家相连。Urumqi is the pivot of communications and telecommunications of Xinjiang，and its transmission network can reach 1 046 cities and counties of the country and more than 200 countries and regions in the world.乌鲁木齐是全疆的通讯邮电枢纽，其传输网络可与全国 1046个市县及世界200多个国家和地区直通电话。Urumqi is located in the middle part of Junggar coal field，one of the exceptionally big coal fields in China，and surrounded by Junggar oil field Kelamayi oil field，Tarim oil field and Tu Ha oil field，so it is regarded as "A Maritime Collier(运煤船) of Oil Sea".In addition，there are a lot of mineral deposits such as salt, Glauber's salt（芒硝）, lime stone，iron，manganese锰），copper，gypsum（石膏） and oil shale（页岩）.乌兽木齐处于中国特大煤田之一的准噶尔煤田的中部，又被准噶尔油田、克拉玛依油田、塔里木油田和吐哈油田所包围，所以又被称作是“油海上的一只煤船”。此外，这里还有食盐、芒硝、石灰石、铁、锰、铜、石膏、油页岩等许多矿藏。There are 164 sq. km. of alpine（高山的） glaciers and permanent snow within the territory of Urumqi，and the pure，white snow turns into flows of tiny streams that soaks（浸泡） the 65 333 hectares of cultivated land，90 000 hectares of natural meadow and 642 000 hectares of forest. In the intro-area of the city，abounds with crops such as grain，oil material，vegetables，melon and fruit and hops（啤酒花），etc. and all kinds of livestocks.
 乌鲁木齐境内有高山冰川和永久性积雪164平方公里，皑皑白雪化为涓涓细流，浸润着6. 5万公顷耕地、64. 2万公顷天然草场和9万公顷森林，域内盛产粮食、油料、蔬菜、瓜果、啤酒花等作物和各类牲畜。
Urumqi is vast in territory and abundant in resources. It is a treasured place to be developed.乌鲁木齐市地域辽阔，资源丰富，是一块待开发的宝地。Red Mountain that stands on the urban area is the symbol of Urumqi. Looking far into the distance on the mountain，you can see the panoramic（全景的） view of the city.矗立在市区的红山，是乌鲁木齐的象征，登山远眺，整座城市的美丽景色尽收眼底。There are many historic sites in Urumqi. Well-known cultural relics and historic sites are Red Spar（晶石）, Red Temple，Jianhu Lake，site of Gongning Castle，Confucian Temple，Shaanxi Temple，Ancient City of Wulabo，Martyr Mao Zemin's Former Residence，Old Site of the East Route Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants' Red Army，Revolutionary Martyrs' Park of Urumqi，Semetery of Urumqi Revolutionary Martyrs and Eighth Route Army's Office in Xinjiang，etc.. In addition，there are the beautiful South Mountain(Nanshan)Natural Pastures，the Gangou Chrysanthemum Platform where the flowers and plants are fragrant and White Poplar Waterfall that is rushing down flying and flowing，etc . .乌鲁木齐古迹甚多。著名的文物胜迹有:红山嘴、红庙子、鉴湖、巩宁城遗址、文庙、陕西大寺、乌拉泊古城、毛泽民烈士故居、中国工农红军西路军旧址、八路军驻疆办事处、乌鲁木齐市革命烈士陵园等。还有风景秀丽的南山天然牧场，花草芬芳的甘沟菊花台，飞流直泻的白杨瀑布等。There are grand and majestic natural landscapes and human cultural sight characteristic of local nationalities in Urumqi. The famous Da Ban City，the picturesque Tianchi and No. 1 Glacier that is praised as the“Glacier Living Fossil"，as well as the beautiful South Mountain Natural Pasture，Gangou Chrysanthemum Platform and White Poplar Ditch Waterfall，etc.，are all excursion centers that Chinese and foreign visitors yearn for.
 乌兽木齐有着雄奇壮美的自然景观和富有地域民族特色的人文景观。久负盛名的达坂城、景色迷人的天池、被誉为“冰川活化石”的一号冰川，以及风光秀丽的南山天然牧场、甘沟菊花台、白杨沟瀑布等，都是中外游客向往的游览胜地。