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原文译文
Cold-war summitry
冷战峰会Dancing on ice
冰上起舞An Impossible Dream: Reagan, Gorbachev, and a World without the Bomb.
《一个不可能实现的梦想:里根、戈尔巴乔夫和一个没有原子弹的世界》By Guillaume Serina.
此书作者:纪尧姆·瑟利纳
1. A world without nuclear weapons still seems far-fetched. But in October 1986 it was closer than many realized. In his book, Guillaume Serina tells the tantalizing story of the Reykjavik summit between the Soviet and American leaders, Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan, who came within a whisker of a ten-year deal to eliminate both countries’ arsenals.
一个无核世界似乎仍然遥不可及。但在1986年10月,它比所有人想象的还要接近。在他的书中,纪尧姆?瑟利纳讲述了米哈伊尔?戈尔巴乔夫和罗纳德?里根在雷克雅维克举行峰会时引人入胜的故事。里根差一点就与苏联达成了一项为期10年的消除两国军火库的协议。
2. Agreement was desirable yet impossible. Both sides were aware that they had far more nuclear warheads and missiles than they needed. The Soviet side also knew that the cost of maintaining nuclear weapons was crippling the economy. Less fully appreciated was the fragility of the balance of terror, which was at risk less from warmongering than from misunderstandings, glitches or accidents. On several occasions during the cold war, only thin threads of luck and good judgment averted the apocalypse. But agreement meant crossing icesheets of mistrust. And on the American side, Reagan’s fixation on the Strategic Defence Initiative, or Star Wars—space-based missile-busting lasers—proved an insuperable obstacle.
达成一致是可取的,但却是不可能的。双方都意识到,他们拥有的核弹头和导弹远远超过了所需。苏联方面也知道,维持核武器的成本正在损害其经济。恐怖平衡的脆弱性并没有得到充分的重视,因为这种脆弱与其说是由于战争煽动,不如说是由于误解、故障或事故。在冷战期间,只有运气和良好的判断力才避免了灾难。但达成协议意味着跨越不信任的冰原。而在美国方面,里根对战略防御计划(即“星球大战”)的执着——即以太空为基础的导弹摧毁激光——被证明是一个无法逾越的障碍。
3. The Soviets offered the United States a big concession: to let it continue with “laboratory” testing of this new scheme. The definition of that proviso could have been stretched to meet all practical requirements (33 years later, the Star Wars technology is nowhere near useful deployment). But Reagan had set his heart on a futuristicsystem that would make his country safe for ever, and did not want to return home seeming to have given it away. As Roald Sagdeev, a Soviet nuclear expert, puts it: “The Americans oversold the Strategic Defence Initiative, and the Russians overbought it.”
苏联给了美国一个很大的让步:让美国继续对这个新计划进行“实验室”测试。这个限制条款的定义本可以扩展到满足所有实际需求(33年后,《星球大战》技术还远未得到有效的部署)。但是里根已经把注意力放在了一个未来主义的系统上,这个系统将使他的国家永远安全,他不想回到似乎已经被放弃了的过去。正如苏联核专家罗尔德?萨迪夫所言:“美国人超售战略防御计划,而俄罗斯人却超买了它。”
4. Mr Serina’s account, first published in French three years ago, draws on declassified archives and interviews with witnesses to paint a vivid and valuable picture of the two-day meeting in the Icelandic capital, despite the occasional redundant flourish and some unfamiliarity with the technology he mentions. He is a leading French correspondent dealing with the United States, not the Soviet Union, which sometimes shows. Moreover he blithely assumes the anti-nuclear case is self-evident. Dialogue indeed helps clarify disagreements and build trust. All the same, Reagan’s views of a malevolent Kremlin were well-founded.
瑟利纳的著作三年前首次以法语出版,利用解密档案和对目击者的采访,生动而有价值地描述了在冰岛首都举行的为期两天的会议,尽管偶尔会出现描述繁冗以及对于提及的技术不够熟悉的情况。瑟利纳是一位法国记者,主要与美国而非苏联打交道。而且,他认为反核理由不言自明。对话确实有助于澄清分歧,建立信任。尽管如此,里根对恶毒的克里姆林宫的看法是有根据的。
5. If, just if, the summit could have gone on one more day…that might have given the two leaders time to build their burgeoning rapport and overrule sceptics in their delegations. Mr Gorbachev, accompanied by his wife Raisa, was willing to give the talks another 24 hours. Lonesome and exhausted, Reagan was not. “How might the world have changed if Nancy had come along for the ride?” asks Mr Serina.
如果,仅仅是如果,峰会能再持续一天……那也许能给两位领导人时间来建立迅速发展的友好关系,并推翻他们代表团中的怀疑论者。在妻子赖莎的陪同下,戈尔巴乔夫愿意再进行24小时的会谈。然而,孤独又疲惫的里根并不愿意。“如果南希也来的话,世界会发生什么变化呢?”瑟利纳先生问道。
6. Probably not a lot, in truth. The two big superpowers would hardly scrap their nuclear arsenals without the Chinese, Indians, Israelis and others doing the same—and how would that be verified? Still, despite the false start in Reykjavik, the negotiations continued, with the elimination of intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe and deep, verified cuts in the strategic arsenals on both sides. Happy days, by contemporary standards.
事实上,没有那么多如果。如果中国、印度、以色列和其他国家不这么做,这两个超级大国几乎不会销毁其核武库,这该如何证实呢?然而,尽管雷克雅未克的谈判开局不利,但谈判仍在继续,双方都消除了欧洲的中程核武器,并对双方的战略武库进行了深入的、经过核实的削减。以当代的标准来看,这是值得欢呼的。
精读解析
篇章结构
P1:纪尧姆·瑟利纳在书中记录了戈尔巴乔夫和里根在冰岛首都雷克雅未克的峰会:无核世界差点实现。P2: 苏联和美国双方在峰会上达成一致是可取的,但是确是不可能的:美国的苏联双方之间存在种种障碍。P3:就达成一致,苏联给了美国让步,但是美国并未接受。P4:纪尧姆·瑟利纳对峰会的记录形式:档案和采访目击者。P5:如果峰会能够持续,实现无核世界或许有可能。P6:雷克雅未克峰会虽然没有实现无核世界,但是却实现了两个超级大国战略核武器的削减,这是有意义的。
重点单词
far-fetched / fɑ: fet?t/ adj. 牵强的;未必会的
【例句】
However, if you have not yet reached the ideal, the success of far-fetched, you have asked themselves: I pay for their own ideals and how much effort?
但如不美观今天您的理想尚未达到,成功遥不成及,您是否曾经问过自己:我为自己的理想支出了若干好多全力?
tantalizing / t?nt?la?z??/ adj. 逗人的,惹弄人的,撩人的,煽情的
【同根】
tantalize vt. 逗弄;引诱;折磨
【同根】
For animals that need never surface, obscurity can be even more tantalizing.
至于从不需要浮到水面的动物,它们的朦胧状态可能更令人感到好奇。
eliminate /? l?m?ne?t/ vt. 消除, 排除
【同根】
eliminate illiteracy
扫盲,扫除文盲
eliminate noise
消除噪声
eliminate poverty
消除贫困
eliminate tariffs on
降低某方面的关税
【例句】
She has been eliminated from the swimming race.
她已被取消了游泳比赛。
desirable /d? za??r?b(?)l/ adj. 可取的, 值得拥有的, 合意的
【例句】
It is most desirable that he should attend the meeting.
他能参加此次会议,是最好不过的了。
warhead / w??hed/ n. 弹头
【例句】
Analysts say these new North Korean missiles could some day carry nuclear warheads to the mainland U.S.
分析人士表示,朝鲜的新导弹可能在未来某一天拥有可携带核弹头的能力同时可打击美国内陆地区。
fragility /fr? d??l?ti/ n. 脆弱,虚弱
【例句】
The move appears to demonstrate the fragility of Germany s coalition.
此举也表明了德国联合政府的脆弱性。
warmongering / w??m??g?/ n. 战争贩子
【例句】
On the face of it, he sounds like a warmonger.
看过文件,给我感觉他更像是个战争贩子。
glitch /gl?t?/ n. 小故障;失灵;短时脉冲波干扰
【例句】
We risk glitches and errors, causing physical harm.
我们会有发生故障和系统崩溃的风险,这可能会造成人身伤害。
apocalypse /? p?k?l?ps/ n. (尤指世界末日的)启示, 天启
【例句】
But what does science have to say about this looming apocalypse What real threats could possibly bring about cataclysmic changes on Earth in 2012?
但什么是科学的,在这即将到来的启示是什么真正的威胁可能带来灾难性的变化对地球约2012年?
fixation /f?k se??(?)n/ n. 固定;定影;定位
【同根】
fixate v. 注视…;使固定
【例句】
Such a fixation with money can’t be healthy.
这般地迷恋钱财可能是病态的。
insuperable /?n su?p(?)r?b(?)l/ adj. 不能逾越的;不能克服的
【例句】
The deep river was an insuperable barrier to those who could not swim.
对不会游泳的人来说,这条深河是无法超越的障碍。
concession /k?n se?(?)n/ n. 承认, 允许;妥协, 让步
【例句】
To reach agreement, both sides must make concessions.
为达成协议,两方都必须让步。
proviso /pr? va?z??/ n. 附带条件;附文;限制性条款
【例句】
But your proviso applies to any escape attempt, whether it happens in two years or two days.
但您提出的这一点可以应用到所有逃走的计划上面,两年后做的或两天内做的都适用。
futuristic /fju?t?? r?st?k/ adj. 合于未来的; 极新潮的; 非传统的;未来主义的, 与未来主义有关的
【例句】
The ad says, a slick, plastic panels bare your knees for futuristic feel.
广告上是这样说的,光滑的塑料面板裸露膝盖让你感受未来。
oversell /??v? sel/ n. 过分的推销;过多的销售v. 销售过多;卖空;过分吹嘘
【例句】
He adds that oversold flights are routine and don t usually result in the removal of passengers.
他补充道,航班超售是惯例,而且一般不会导致乘客被赶下飞机。
overbuy /??v? ba?/ v. 过度购买;过多地买
【例句】
an overbought stock market.
一个因过度购买而价格暴涨的股市
While there has been no indication of a failure to the 9-week uptrend, the heavily overbought momentum keeps us defensive at current levels.
目前还没有任何迹象显示连续9周的上涨趋势是失败的,严重的买空势头使棉花价格达到目前的水平。
declassify /di? kl?s?fa?/ vt. 对(机密文件等)销密
【例句】
Mr. Trump has five days to decide whether to declassify it.
特朗普有五天的时间来考虑是否解除这份文件的密级。
unfamiliarity [ ?nf?,mili ?riti] n. 陌生;陌生
【例句】
And I believe you can see that the low efficiency due to the unfamiliarity will lead to the loss to both sides.
我想你方也知道这样的低效率会造成我们双方的损失。
redundant /r? d?nd(?)nt/ adj. 因人员过剩而被解雇的;不需要的; 多余的
【例句】
redundant staff
超额人员;富余人员
Many jobs and labor workers are made redundant by automation.
自动化导致许多工种和劳动力过剩。
blithely / blai?li/ adv. 快活地;无忧无虑地
【同根】
blithe adj. 愉快的;快乐无忧的
【例句】
She wondered how he could jest so blithely with a rope about his neck and her pitiful circumstances before him.
她不明白他怎能在自己脖子上套着绞索和面对她的可怜处境时还这么开心地说笑。
equivalence /? kw?v(?)l(?)ns/ n. (力量等的)均等;相等;相当
【例句】
And, as I said, this is done through noting the equivalence of gravity and accelerated motion .
而且,像我所说的,这个是通过观察引力场和加速运动的的等效完成的。
malevolent /m? lev(?)l(?)nt/ adj. 有恶意的;恶毒的
【例句】
I have heard some malevolent misrepresentation of her.
我听到一些恶意曲解她的话。
well-founded / wel faudid/ adj. 有充分根据的;理由充足的
【例句】
My fears that we would lose the game were well-founded.
我担心我们可能会输掉这场比赛是有充分根据的。
burgeoning / b?:d??ni?/ adj. 迅速成长的; 迅速发展的
【同根】
burgeon vt. 发(芽);抽(枝);迅速发展n. 嫩芽;嫩枝
【例句】
In emerging economies it is the high-status tipple for a burgeoning middle class.
在经济迅速发展的时代,威士忌是为越来越多的中产阶级所提供的高级饮酒。
rapport /r? p??/ n. 密切关系,交往;和谐一致
【例句】
A circular bar chart comparing China and America places variables alongside each other that have no rapport whatsoever.
而另一幅比较中美两国异同的饼状图却将根本不相关的数据放在了一起。
overrule /??v? ru?l/ vt. 否决;统治;对…施加影响
【例句】
The defense attorney s objection was overruled by the judge.
被告辩护律师提出的反对意见被法官驳回。
sceptic / skept?k/ n. 怀疑论者;疑虑极深的人
【例句】
But sceptic say a number of key factors are not considered in the reports.
但是持怀疑态度的人说报告中没有考虑到一些关键因素。
intermediate /??nt? mi?d??t/adj. 中间的; 中级的
intermediate-range 中程
【例句】
The show of force came two days after North Korea fired an intermediate-range missile over Japan.
这次武力展示的两天前,朝鲜发射了一枚中程导弹,飞越了日本上空。
Gray is intermediate between black and white.
灰色介于黑色和白色之间。
verify / ver?fa?/ vt. 核实;查证
【例句】
Finally, variance analysis is used to verify the validity of the crytic model.
最后,利用方差分析周期检验方法作了印证性讨论。
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